Twelve Older Anime That Deserve License Rescues XIV: What Once Was New is Now in Need of a Rescue Part 2

When comprising this list of license rescues for more "modern" releases, so to speak, I literally just went to the ANN Encyclopedia's list of "Video Releases" & looked through everything it had from 2010 to 2015. The end result, unsurprisingly, was initially a massive list of titles due to this being the era of FUNimation re-releasing tons of old ADV & Geneon titles under the S.A.V.E. label (though some did get the Anime Classics label) after both of those companies went under, Sentai Filmworks & Maiden Japan releasing a bunch of various anime from the 00s for the first time ever via DVD boxsets (so as to create a catalog, after ADV's demise), Discotek Media's rise into the fan favorite it currently is, and so on. Not just that, but some of the releases from this era have still managed to either stay in print or simply remain available for close to MSRP (hence why I didn't include something like Trigun or Matchless Raijin-Oh), while others at least have managed to stay available via streaming to this day (hence why I limited those to just three, across both halves). Simply put, A LOT of anime came out in the first half of the 2010s, and especially a lot of older titles that back in the day would have simply been ignored (hell, I even wrote a piece wondering if an "Era of Old-School" had come about back in 2012), so whittling a list that seriously initially totaled somewhere in the 30s to just 12(-ish) was a little tricky, but I think the ones I wound up with were some of the strongest picks I could find.

So let's start off the second half of the 14th license rescue with a title that, many would argue, should NEVER be unavailable in English... even if its licensing scenario is a bit convoluted.

Debuting back in 1989 in Fujimi Shobo's Dragon Magazine & originally running until around 2000, though it did return for a bit in 2018 & 2019 (plus various spin-off series from 1991 to 2011, & a bunch of manga), the light novel series Slayers by Hajime Kanzaka (story) & Rui Araizumi (art) is often considered one of the all-time greatest fantasy franchises to come from Japan. It details the adventures of Lina Inverse, a powerful but immensely vain sorceress, & her friends as they travel the world & take on all manner of evil... all while also being a bit of a zany comedy. Likewise, the various anime adaptations of Slayers are also cited as some of the greatest anime of all time, with the 1995 to 1997 trilogy of TV anime (Slayers, Slayers Next, & Slayers Try) specifically being mentioned. When it comes to English releases, Central Park Media initially started releasing the first Slayers TV anime from 1996 to 1998 on both VHS & LD, with Next & Try later coming out in 1999 & 2000, respectively; Fox Kids even planned on airing the show on TV, but found it too much work to edit for TV standards. All three shows would then get re-released on DVD in the early 00s, before CPM's rights seemingly expired, resulting in FUNimation getting the license to Slayers TV in mid-2005, upon which all three seasons would get re-released via DVD boxsets in the late 00s, culminating in a "complete" boxset containing all three seasons in mid-2009.

Twelve Older Anime That Deserve License Rescues XIV: What Once Was New is Now in Need of a Rescue Part 1

Time is never ending, always moving, and we are helpless against it. When it comes to anime fandom it means that those who stick with the medium for the long haul will only get older over time, while new & younger fans get created & discover things for themselves. Simultaneously that also means that what was once a brand new release will, inevitably, become old, outdated, & even go out of print, possibly never to be seen again once it sees release (or even re-release). I bring this up because at the end of this year The Land of Obscusion will turn 15 years old, i.e. this place (like myself) is oooooooooooooooooooooold... at least in terms of fandom, because I'm not even 40 yet. However, that also means that there are now anime releases that while I was writing stuff for the blog in its earliest years were "new" are now long out of print... which means that they're now eligible for the license rescue list! Therefore, let's look at 12(-ish) anime that were last released in North America between 2010 & 2015, i.e. the first five years of the blog's life, that are now out of print (& on the more expensive side to get, if not absurdly so), could benefit from a new release in some way beyond simply being easily available & affordable again (new content to be offered, upgraded video quality, etc.), and (aside from three) aren't even available via streaming right now.

Do any anime fans 15 years or younger even read this blog? Maybe, maybe not, but it's time I make the majority of the people who actually do read my ramblings feel old!

The mangaka collective known as CLAMP is one of the most beloved groups in all of manga, and while the members of CLAMP have changed throughout the decades the quality of their work has (for the most part) remained relatively high. They truly made their name throughout the 90s with titles like RG Veda, Tokyo Babylon, Magic Knight Rayearth, X, & Angelic Layer, so by the early 00s they were already essentially legends when they debuted ×××HOLiC in the pages of Weekly Young Magazine in early 2003. Pronounced simply as "Holic", as the x's are meant to represent the various "holics"/addictions that people can be found as having, the manga follows Kimihiro Watanuki, a high school student who can see various spirits & the like, something he finds very intrusive in his life. After finding a mysterious shop run by Yuko Ichihara, a seeming witch who can grant wishes, Watanuki asks Yuko to grant his wish of removing his ability to see spirits. Yuko accepts, but only if he works for her as her assistant, which in turn results in Watanuki being sent on various jobs involving the supernatural. ×××HOLiC is also strongly connected to another manga CLAMP debuted in 2004, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, mainly by way of the latter's deuteragonist, Syaoran. The ×××HOLiC manga technically ended in 2011, after 19 volumes, but in 2013 CLAMP debuted ×××HOLiC Rei, a sequel that hasn't gotten anything new since Volume 4's release in 2016, though CLAMP seemingly still considers ×××HOLiC Rei as simply being on hiatus, not outright halted; both manga series have been fully released in English, initially by Del Rey Manga, & later by Kodansha Comics.

Souten Kouro: “Speak of Cao Cao, and Cao Cao Arrives”

Born sometime in 155 AD/CE in Qiao County, Pei state (now Bozhou, Anhui), Cao Cao was a purported descendant of Cao Shen, a Western Han statesman, & the son of Cao Song, who had managed to buy himself into the position of Grand Commandant for less than half a year under Emperor Ling, with some accounts stating that buying political offices with money was a policy that Ling had allowed during his reign. Growing up Cao Cao was known to be very perceptive & even manipulative, though some also didn't regard him too well as a child, due to his habit of roaming about on his own & not caring much for what others hand in mind for him. At one point Cao Cao visited Xu Shao, who was known for his ability to "appraise" others, and while Xu Shao initially refused to appraise Cao Cao he eventually relented, with there being two versions of what he said: Either "You're a treacherous villain in times of peace and a hero in times of chaos," or "You'll be a capable minister in times of peace, and a jianxiong in times of chaos," with a jianxiong being one who is willing to do anything to succeed (or, in literary terms, an antihero). This assessment would effectively describe the man Cao Cao would become in life, especially during the events that would lead to the creation of the Three Kingdoms of China, as while he was immensely loyal to those who trusted in him he was also one who showed no hesitation in screwing over others if it meant he could find benefit from it. As Cao Cao is quoted as saying in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "I'd rather betray the world than let the world betray me."

In the end, though, Cao Cao would not live to see the actual era of the Three Kingdoms, as he would pass away on March 15, 220 at the age of 66, having been promoted by Emperor Xian as "King of Wei" four years prior, though still working as a vassal of the Han dynasty. It would be Cao Cao's second son, Cao Pi, who forced Xian to abdicate the throne a little less than a year after his father's death, resulting in the creation of Cao Wei, which in turn would lead to Liu Bei & Sun Quan announcing the official formation of Shu Han & Eastern Wu, respectively. Wei's ultimate fate would come in 266, when Cao Huan (the fifth & final Emperor of Wei, & Cao Cao's grandson) abdicated the throne to Sima Yan, resulting in the formation of the Jin dynasty that eventually reunited China.

When it comes to Romance, Cao Cao is always portrayed as the primary antagonist of the story, as while he's not a "villain" his actions & worldview make for a direct clash with Liu Bei's more idealistic & benevolent nature, or Sun Quan's focus on honor & family. However, it is important to remember that Romance is a fictionalized take on the actual historical source text for what happened back in the day, Records of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou... so how would the story of the Three Kingdoms work out if one was to rely more on Records than Romance? In 1994 that would come about when the editor-in-chief for a manga artist calling himself "Gonta" asked "Why don't you try to depict Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a Broadway musical?", and while Gonta was a fan of stories detailing Chinese heroic legends, & knew of ancient China, he knew nothing about Romance. Gonta decided to give Romance a read but was put off early on by all of the embellishments, deciding instead to read Records, upon which he essentially decided "If you're going to embellish, then at least make it interesting". Therefore, with help from Korean writer (& former film director) Hagin Yi, the now King Gonta debuted Souten Kouro/Beyond the Heavens in the pages of Kodansha's Morning magazine in late 1994, a manga adaptation of the life of Cao Cao that took primarily from Records of the Three Kingdoms, but also some elements from Romance as well as the occasional original embellishment by Gonta & Yi; Gonta has admitted that making Cao Cao the main character was Yi's idea. Sadly, Hagin Yi would pass away from liver cancer on September 22, 1998, leaving King Gonta to continue making Souten Kouro on his own, and in late 2005 the manga came to an end after 409 chapters across 36 volumes, winning the Kodansha Manga Award for General Manga (alongside Gambling Apocalypse Kaiji) in 1998, the same year Hagin Yi passed away.

On April 8, 2009 a TV anime adaptation of Souten Kouro done by Madhouse debuted on NTV, replacing baseball/gambling anime One Outs, and in fact was produced by the same companies that had produced Madhouse's unofficial trilogy of gambling anime, i.e. VAP, NTV, & D.N. Dream Partners (Kaiji & One Outs only for that last one). The Souten Kouro anime would also be the final production ever directed by venerated animator Toyoo Ashida (Fist of the North Star, Vampire Hunter D OVA), & be Ashida's penultimate anime in general, before passing away in mid-2011 at the age of 67. So, after having reviewed various anime adaptations of Romance of the Three Kingdoms throughout this year, with the majority putting the focus on Liu Bei as the primary focal point (and one technically focusing on Wu), let's bring it all to an end with the sole anime Romance adaptation that dared to look at things from the perspective of probably the most divisive man of the era, Cao Cao of Wei. Yes, I know that there's one other direct anime adaptation of Romance, but there is no complete English translation for it yet... and I honestly feel like I've experienced more than enough anime Romance in a single year.

Oh Me, Oh My, OVA! θ: Press Start Button

When I first started really getting into anime in the mid-00s, and even in the years prior to that to some extent, there was no avoiding the symbiotic relationship between video games & anime. If I really think about it I may vaguely recall seeing the rare ad in a magazine like GamePro or EGM promoting the VHS and/or DVD release of an anime "movie" based on a video game property, like Panzer Dragoon, Tekken, Samurai Shodown, etc., and it made perfect sense why anime companies would license those titles. After all, anime fans & video game fans have long been a strong Venn diagram, and the two industries have been connected in some form since the 80s. The first video game based on an anime is generally agreed to be Lupin III for the arcades by Taito in 1980 (though most feel that the license was added on late into development), while the first anime based on a video game are the duo of Running Boy: Star Soldier no Himitsu & Super Mario Bros.: The Great Mission to Rescue Princess Peach!, which both happened to come out on July 20, 1986; they'd be followed up on October 3 by Bug-tte Honey, which was the first TV anime based on a video game. Now, to be fair, anime based on video games also wound up having a poor reputation for the longest time, but if there's a subject for OM, OM, OVA! that sounds only natural to go with it's video game anime; I honestly have wanted to do this for a while, but got pre-occupied with other themed subjects first.

So let's get into the first video game-themed Oh Me, Oh My, OVA! with a quartet of my choosing, two of which are very well known among older anime fans & saw official English release, and two of which you might not have known even existed!

Debuting back in 1991 for the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, Sonic the Hedgehog was Sega's response to Nintendo's Super Mario Bros. games on the NES/Famicom & would become a massive success in its own right (due, in part, to Sega of America's Tom Kalinske managing to convince his Japanese bosses to make the first game the Genesis' pack-in game, in place of Altered Beast). By the mid-90s the series was on the verge of entering a tumultuous time (the game intended to be the next main entry was starting to enter true "development hell", & would eventually be cancelled), but was still more than successful for Sega to greenlight the production of a two-episode OVA adaptation in cooperation with Taki Corporation (now Odessa Entertainment) & General Entertainment (which went defunct in 2011), the same companies Sega would later work with for the (absolutely terrible) Panzer Dragoon OVA. Released in early 1996, & animated by Studio Pierrot, the Sonic the Hedgehog OVA would eventually get licensed for international release by ADV Films, which combined both episodes into a single "movie" & initially released it on dubbed VHS & dual-audio DVD in 1999 before re-releasing it on DVD in 2004 under its short-lived ADV Kids label. In modern times Discotek Media (which has released a number of anime based on Sega IP, including Sonic X) has admitted that they'd love to re-release "Sonic the Hedgehog: The Movie", and Sega is more than happy to license it out, but unfortunately it's currently stuck in legal limbo due to Sega losing the paperwork that clarified how international royalties would get paid when it comes to the music & voice work; Sega is able to continue offering the OVA in Japan, but international licensing is not doable at the moment. However, is the Sonic OVA even still truly worth all this effort, nearly 30 years after its original release?

Obscusion B-List: HD Games That Were Backported to SD on PS2 & PSP

As video game technology advances the prior generation of consoles eventually becomes old hat & is put to pasture so that the new/current generation can take the lead (or, at least, that's how it used to be... Hi PlayStation 4 & Xbox One, which are both nearing 12 years of continued support!). Still, sometimes a prior gen piece of hardware continues to see strong hardware sales, which in turn makes companies feel that said console is still worth releasing new games on, or there's a handheld (which follow their own set of "generations", to some extent) that simply finds itself more or less caught between console generations & continues to need new releases. That's what happened with the PS2 & PSP once the Xbox 360 released in late 2005, but it was especially true once the PlayStation 3 released in late 2006, and both of those consoles added in an extra wrinkle: They were the first consoles to be all about high-definition visuals, i.e. 720p & (ideally, but not always) 1080p. In comparison, the PS2 was designed around 480i that was ideally meant to be played on a CRT TV (it could also do 480p, & with some trickery higher interlaced resolutions, but 480i was the main intention), while the PSP's 16:9 screen had a resolution of just 480x272. Nintendo's Wii was also an SD-exclusive console, but that was contemporary to the "PS360", and often would receive its own unique versions of games also released on the HD consoles (&, sometimes, the PS2 would receive a port of that Wii version).

Though the GameCube & Xbox eventually both died out in place of their successors, the PS2 remained too hot to ignore, while the PSP's successor (the Vita) wouldn't come out until late 2011. Therefore it made too much sense to continue releasing games on both pieces of hardware, which included games that were also releasing on the newer consoles. For the most part these "HD" games also came out with "SD" versions at around the same time, but there were some examples where the PS2 and/or PSP version wouldn't come out until a fair amount of time after the initial HD version came out; in other words, they were (as some would say) backported from HD to SD. So let's go over some examples of games that were designed for the PS3 or 360 first, only to later get backported to the PS2 and/or PSP; i.e. no simultaneous releases here!

We start off with a batch of titles, mainly because if I had included them individually it would have made up 2/3 of this entire list, and since they're all part of the same overall franchise it's better to just put them together; also, it was these games that inspired me to make this entire list. While the first entry in Koei's iconic Dynasty Warriors/Musou franchise was actually a 3D fighter for the PS1 back in 1997, it wasn't until the second entry in 2000 (which is technically the first in the Shin Sangoku Musou spin-off series, hence why they're always a number higher outside of Japan) that the concept of it being a 3D hack & slash taking place in various open battlefields was truly established. In 2004 developer Omega Force introduced the first true offshoot of the series with Samurai Warriors, which traded in the Chinese Three Kingdoms setting for Japan's Warring States era, and since then the franchise has spun off to include the likes of Fire Emblem, The Legend of Zelda, Fist of the North Star, One Piece, & many other licensed IP. In 2006 the Musou franchise started getting released on HD consoles with Xbox 360 ports of both Samurai Warriors 2 & Dynasty Warriors 5, though the latter was only released in Japan, and in 2007 saw the release of both Dynasty Warriors: Gundam (which was based on Sunrise's iconic mech franchise) & Warriors Orochi (a crossover between Dynasty Warriors & Samurai Warriors), which launched on HD consoles. However, the PS2 & PSP still saw love from this franchise, with Warriors Orochi being released on both Xbox 360 & PS2 at launch worldwide, which in turn made a PSP port natural since it could be based on the PS2 version. The same is more or less true of 2008's Warriors Orochi 2, so neither of those count for this list.

Koutetsu Sangokushi: Lu Xun Would Strew the Very Ground with His Liver & Brains to Requite His Dear Master's Love

Of the three sides that made up China's Three Kingdoms era, the origin of Eastern Wu is probably the most interesting, mainly because it was very heavily based around family. Allegedly claiming to be a descendant of the legendary general Sun Tzu, the attributed author of The Art of War, Sun Jian was the patriarch of the Sun Family when the Yellow Turban Rebellion started in 184 AD/CE & was also part of the later coalition that formed in an attempt to dethrone Dong Zhuo from his tyrannical reign. During the attempted coup Sun Jian found the imperial seal, which had been hidden away after Dong Zhuo's forces left then-capital Luoyang, and felt that this discovery was proof that it was his family's destiny to eventually rule over the land. Unfortunately, Sun Jian would later be killed by the forces of Liu Biao in 191 via an ambush, upon which his oldest son Sun Ce took command at only the age of 16. It was Sun Ce who would conquer the lands of Jiangdong & Wu throughout the 190s, which is where his nickname of "The Little Conqueror" would come from, before he himself would be killed in 200, though the exact circumstances of his death are debated; Romance would take a more supernatural path via the sorcerer Gan Ji. Command would then go to Sun Ce's little brother Sun Quan, who would eventually go on to found Eastern Wu in the region that Sun Ce had taken control of. Decades later Wu would be the final kingdom to fall when the Jin dynasty conquered it in 280, at this point (poorly) ruled by Sun Quan's grandson Sun Hao, bringing an end to the Three Kingdoms era itself. While Sun Quan is technically the central figure of Wu & is contemporary to Liu Bei & Cao Cao, in truth Wu is very much a story about the Sun Family as a whole, and the friends, family, & allies they accumulated to get to that point.

In that regard I can sort of see why, whenever anime adaptations of Romance were made back in the 80s & 90s, the focus was put primarily on Liu Bei & Cao Cao, as those two made for the perfect "protagonist/antagonist" pairing, and Wu would only really get involved when it came to the iconic Battle of Chibi (& Sun Jian discovering the imperial seal, before that). Also, despite their importance in the overall story of the era itself, Wu was kind of doing its own thing for the most part, as once Sun Ce found a proper home for his people before his death they were essentially an uninvolved third party until Cao Cao started encroaching on their territory & Zhuge Liang decided to use Wu to help hold back Cao Cao's ambitions, in order for Liu Bei to properly establish his own kingdom of Shu. Still, there is an interesting story to be found within Wu, and in 2007 a TV anime would be produced that finally put the focus on the seemingly oft-ignored third kingdom. Co-produced by NAS and (of all companies) Konami Digital Entertainment, Koutetsu Sangokushi/Steel Three Kingdoms debuted in late-night on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2007 & was part of a larger multimedia "Koutetsu Sangokushi Project" which included a manga version by KYO that actually came first in late 2006, as well as a radio program that debuted the prior January & aired throughout the entire year, two light novels that acted as both a prequel & collection of side stories, a trio of drama CDs, and even a stage show in June of 2008. Oddly enough, considering that Konami's literal video game division was a co-producer, there was no Koutetsu Sangokushi video game... and this was back when Konami was still very much active in the video game business, as seen the last time Konami was related to an NAS-produced TV anime.

Anyway, I remember when Koutetsu Sangokushi first debuted back in the day & I was admittedly a bit curious about giving it a go, since I super into Dynasty Warriors 5 & felt that it was cool to see Wu be given the focus in an anime, for once. So I gave the show a try via the fansubs as it was coming out, but after a few episodes just never got back to it, partially due to how... different it was; I'll get to that in a bit. However, this show would wind up being the first (&, to this day, only) TV anime adaptation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms to ever see an official English release when it was added to Viki's catalog for streaming in May of 2012, alongside Don Dracula, The Three-Eyed One, & Marvelous Melmo; yeah, one of these is not like the others, for sure. However, unlike the modern Rakuten Viki that exists, this was back when Viki almost exclusively relied on crowd-sourced translations for all of its offerings (the first 19 episodes of Koutetsu were subbed as of the ANN news article, but I can't vouch for the rest), and the site itself wasn't really known that much by anime fans in the first place; regardless, it's definitely not streaming anywhere officially in English anymore. Despite how I wound up trailing off of the show back in the day I still always have had some curiosity about Koutetsu Sangokushi, and since this year I decided to watch & review a bunch of anime adaptations of Romance I might as well include this series in the festivities, mainly because it's the de facto Wu-focused adaptation... even though it's easily the loosest "adaptation" of them all.

Obscusion B-Side: Hresvelgr (Formula Highpowered & International Edition/Jet Ion GP): Damn It, Gust, You're an Alchemist, Not a Pilot!

When it comes to video games, it's kind of natural for certain developers to become associated with specific genres & the like, and when they break away from that association it kind of makes the game more notable for that very reason... or possibly infamous. For example, Square is known mainly for its RPGs, which made a shoot 'em up like 1997's Einhänder all the more interesting to see from the company, especially since Einhänder is a rather cool shooter. Meanwhile, a company like Capcom is known for developing within a wide variety of genres, but then you still have titles from outside of their wheelhouse, like racing sims Auto Modellista & Group S Challenge/Circus Drive, or the Finder Love games on PSP, which mixed together dating sims with photography sequences starring real-life bikini models. There's nothing inherently wrong with a game studio trying something different from what they're normally known for, but at the same time there is always that feeling of "They don't tend to make these kinds of games for good reason", even if the game itself actually winds up being really good.

So did the subject of this B-Side manage to succeed "in spite of" being outside of its developer's comfort zone, or was it an example of proving people's hesitation right? Let's find out!

Founded on October 1, 1993 in Nagano, Gust was formed as a spin-off of the amusement software development division of Keiken System (which owned Gust until December 2011, when Koei Tecmo acquired the studio) & initially started off as a doujin developer. Gust would make its retail debut in 1994 with The Story of King Aress, a tactical RPG for the PC-98 that notably featured character designs by mangaka Seisaku Kanou, but it didn't take long for the studio to "go legit". Gust would become an officially licensed developer following The Story of King Aress & would make their "official" debut with Falcata in 1995 for the PlayStation, which was another tactical RPG-like title. However, RPGs weren't the only things that Gust would develop in its first few years, as while the studio would eventually become successful with the release of Atelier Marie: The Alchemist of Salburg for the PS1 in 1997 (which, in turn, would create a franchise that's still going strong to this day) it also made a variety of adventure-style games, namely the Welcome House duology in 1996, Karyujou/Fire Dragon Girl in 1997, & The Adventures of Robin Lloyd in 2000, all for the PS1 (& Sega Saturn, for the first Welcome House). Gust was even (allegedly) hired to develop a fighting game that wound up never coming out due to publisher Zamuse going out of business... though the TV anime adaptation produced by Toei Animation did actually air in late 1994. While RPGs were definitely already becoming Gust's bread & butter by 2000, the studio was still willing to experiment with other genres.

However, that would all change after that specific year. Five months following The Adventures of Robin Lloyd came out on January 6, 2000, & two months after Windows PC ports of Atelier Marie & Atelier Elie that April, Gust would release its very first "next-gen" title: Hresvelgr: Formula Highpowered. Named after the eagle-shaped jötunn that created the wind seen in Norse mythology, Hresvelgr was released on June 22, 2000, was Gust's very first game for the PlayStation 2 (which Gust would primarily develop for up through 2008), & as a racing game was also a first for Gust. However, it wasn't just your standard racing game, by any means, because Hresvelgr was a rarity by being a futuristic air racing game. Due to it being a PS2 game that came out prior to the console's international launch later that fall it wound up getting some international coverage at the time, with the likes of both IGN & GameSpot giving it rather poor "import" reviews, with complaints mainly being directed at the controls, sense of speed, & lack of any multiplayer at all; the reviews in Japan itself apparently were only marginally better. Gust would seemingly take the reception into account, though, as on December 21, 2000 (only six months later) Hresvelgr: International Edition would see release in Japan, which added in a new track (plus reverse races for all tracks) & two-player split-screen, as well as some tweaks to the gameplay. As the subtitle indicates, this update came about because it was actually planned for an international release, with Crave Entertainment even announcing an English release, under the name "Fusion GT", mere days after the initial Japanese version came out. However, despite that early announcement the only international release would happen in European regions in March of 2002, now under the name Jet Ion GP, with Ubi Soft handling the release there, though Crave was still credited for the localization itself. Hresvelgr would effectively end Gust's efforts in genres outside of RPGs, and aside from life sim Ciel Nosurge in 2012 (which itself was a spin-off of the Ar Tornelico RPGs) & Atelier Questboard in 2014 (a mobile spin-off of Atelier Rorona) the studio wouldn't attempt something wholly new & different from its usual fare until 2015's Nights of Azure, a hack-&-slash game (though still with action RPG mechanics); meanwhile, Hresvelgr remains Gust's one & only racing game in its entire catalog.

Was Hresvelgr truly so bad that it made Gust decide to never make another non-RPG (related game) ever again? Did International Edition/Jet Ion GP actually improve on the original in any way? I've admittedly always been curious about this game ever since it was first previewed & import reviewed back in 2000, so it's time to see how Hresvelgr holds up 25 years later.

Tekken Chinmi: Get Ready for the Next Battle!

In today's modern world of entertainment, where streaming has become such a focal point, the idea of various works never receiving some sort of physical release, one that someone can purchase & hold on to for future viewing (regardless of its availability in the digital realm), has become more & more of a reality. Even looking at things solely from an anime perspective there are now tons of anime that are only available outside of Japan via streaming (if they're even still available, in that form) but will more than likely never see a physical release, and even in Japan there are anime that remain without a proper physical release at all, for one reason or another. However, that's not to say that they are always "lost anime", as while they may not have regular physical availability they are still known to exist, & in Japan may ever get re-aired every once in a while. I bring this up because the subject of this review is one of those very examples in Japan, as while it's never received a "proper" home video release it's by no means "lost", as I managed to eventually find rips of it. They're admittedly not high-quality rips, but they're nowhere near the worst I've ever seen, or even anywhere near the worst I've had to rely on for a review (of some sort) here.

Born on July 29, 1960 in Asahikawa, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, the same exact town both Kazuhiro Fujita & Buichi Terasawa were both born in, Takeshi Maekawa would graduate from Daito Bunka University (where he was a member of the Manga Research Club OB) before making his debut in manga in late 1983. Said debut was with Tekken/Ironfist Chinmi (sometimes also referred to as Kung Fu Boy) in the pages of Monthly Shonen Magazine, which showed the rise of the titular Chinmi as he went from a mere martial arts student to a hero of the people when in need. While he also made other manga, like billiards series Break Shot (his other major work, at 16 volumes), soccer series The Striker, sumo series Hakkeyoi, & even a fellow martial arts series with Kung Fu Tao, Tekken Chinmi is the one that continues to run to this day... technically. You see, the original Tekken Chinmi ran until early 1997 & totaled 35 volumes, but the very next issue of Monthly Magazine saw the debut of New Tekken Chinmi, due to Chinmi now being a master in his own right, which ran until late 2004 for an additional 20 volumes. Then, after a two-year break, Maekawa returned to his iconic series in late 2006 with Tekken Chinmi Legends, still within the pages of the Monthly Magazine, which is still running to this day & currently at 28 volumes (making 83 volumes, in total), but has been on hiatus since 2021 due in part to circumstances following the COVID-19 pandemic; there is also Tekken Chinmi Gaiden, which collects various side-story one-shots & remains at four volumes since 2015. However, it was announced on May 8 that Tekken Chinmi Legends would finally be returning in the October 2025 issue of Monthly Shonen Magazine, marking the return of the magazine's longest-running manga series (by age) after a near five-year hiatus; Monthly Magazine's longest-running manga series (by length) is Dear Boys by Hiroki Yagami, at a current total of 95 volumes. I should also note that Tekken Chinmi did actually see English release (only in the UK) between 1995 & 1996 as Ironfist Chinmi, by way of Bloomsbury with a translation by the legendary Jonathan Clements, but only made it 12 volumes in before stopping; this looks to be the only manga Bloomsbury ever released. Still, it was published in right-to-left fashion, predating TokyoPop's industry standardizing move to that orientation in the US & Canada by around five years!

Naturally, with a manga as long-running & iconic for Monthly Shonen Magazine as this, as well as having won the Kodansha Manga Award for Shonen manga in 1987, it's understandable that an anime adaptation of Tekken Chinmi had to have happened at some point. That came to be throughout the second half of 1988 with a 20-episode TV anime produced by Ashi Pro & Toho, though it's not quite an exact 1:1 adaptation of the manga, complete with a couple of anime-only characters. However, despite having been re-aired since then & even being made available via streaming in Japan at points, the Tekken Chinmi anime has never received a proper home video release, whether that be via VHS, DVD, or Blu-Ray. The only exception would be Tekken Chinmi: Kenpo Daizukan/The Great Illustrated Guide to Kenpo, a VHS tape that came out sometime in 1989, but at just 32 minutes it's obviously nowhere near a "complete" representation of the anime. Obviously, I can't even guess as to why the Tekken Chinmi anime has never been available for purchase physically, outside of a single VHS tape that likely is just a themed recap, despite the manga being readily available in Japan digitally, both via individual volumes & even bundles. Personally, though, I do have a bit of a soft spot for Takeshi Maekawa, as when I was first really getting into manga in the mid-00s, shortly after really getting into anime, I actually came across old fan translations of some of Maekawa's works, namely the first couple volumes of Break Shot & his one-volume historical drama Hoshi no Ken. I quickly found out about Tekken Chinmi, but even back then its length made me hesitate to get into it (hell, the fan translation for the OG run apparently only finished up last year!), but I have always been curious about the anime, even if it has no English translation whatsoever; there's word of an English dub having been made, but I can't find any proof of its existence.

Is the Tekken Chinmi anime without a (proper) home video release "for good reason", or is it simply just a victim of factors beyond its control preventing an otherwise enjoyable anime from being traditionally purchasable? Time to check it out for myself & see if the Tekken Chinmi anime is more Marshall Law or Forest Law.

Obscusion B-Side: The "Origin of Heaven"... in Japan?! Tengen & Time Warner Interactive's Japan-Exclusive Games

After Atari, Inc. lost owner Warner Communications $500 million by the end of the Summer of 1983, it was decided that Warner would sell off the home & computer division of Atari, which wound up in the hands of Jack Tramiel, leading to the creation of Atari Corporation. However, the arcade division of Atari was still profitable & wound up staying with Warner, with it getting renamed Atari Games. As per the agreement between Warner & Tramiel, Atari Games would be allowed to continue using the "Atari" name, but only as long as the word "Games" always came after it (this would not prevent many people from thinking that it was all still one singular "Atari", even to this very day), and it could only use the "Atari" name in arcades, not in the consumer market, i.e. home consoles & computers. However, once Nintendo revitalized the home console market with the NES it didn't take long for Atari Games to want to have a piece of that pie. They would license out their titles to Atari Corp. so that ports would see release on the 2600, 7800, & later Lynx, but when it came to non-Atari hardware Atari Games decided to do it themselves, resulting in the creation of Tengen.

Named after the "Origin of Heaven", i.e. the center point on a go board (similar to how the "Atari" name was also a go reference), Tengen was founded in 1987 & initially started off as your standard third-party Nintendo licensee, releasing Gauntlet, R.B.I. Baseball (a localization of the first Famista game), & Pac-Man for the NES as official releases in mid-to-late 1988. The latter two games were the result of Atari Games' close relationship with Namco, which had been majority owner of Atari Games from 1985 to 1987. At the time Namco had infamously decided to not agree to be a licensee for Nintendo of America, due to the terms, instead preferring to license its Famicom games out to other companies for international release, like Bandai, Sunsoft, & Tengen; Namco wouldn't publish its first NES game until 1993. Similarly, Tengen was also no fan of Nintendo's licensee terms & never planned on staying official, so after those initial three games it went rogue & became an unlicensed third-party, illegally acquiring a copy of Nintendo's lock-out program, so as to bypass it, by telling the US Copyright Office that they needed it for potential litigation against Nintendo. The initial unofficial releases would start a legal battle between Nintendo & Tengen that would hound the latter for pretty much its entire life (under that name, at least), during which Tengen would eventually find fairer pastures over with Sega of America & its Genesis, Game Gear, & (in Europe) Master System, among some other short-lived deals on other hardware, like TurboGrafx-16, PCs, & even the SNES (via officially licensed third-parties, like Mindscape & THQ, for that last one).

However, Tengen (& Atari Games) wasn't solely operating in North America & Europe. Established in 1988, Tengen, Ltd. was Tengen (Inc.)'s Japanese subsidiary that not only released Japanese versions of Tengen's titles, plus both James Bond 007: The Duel & MIG-29 Fighter Pilot for Domark, but also did some development of its own; from here on out I'll just refer to it as "Tengen Japan". More often than not this was in regards to port jobs, but occasionally Tengen Japan developed original games, though the only one of those that ever saw release outside of Japan would be 1991's Magical Puzzle Popils for the Game Gear. And, in that case, we reach the subject of this overview: Japan-exclusive releases! Shockingly enough, there were only seven games (via eight releases) put out by Tengen, & its later incarnation of Time Warner Interactive, that only ever saw release in Japan (at least back in the day, for two of them), and they actually wind up coinciding with the final years of Atari Games' console division, in general. So let's go over Tengen & Time Warner Interactive's Japan-exclusive games, all while seeing how an infamous third-party console developer/publisher eventually got put out to pasture.

Twelve Iconic & Influential Mangaka to Have Yet to See Official English Release Part 2

A very strict requirement when it came to compiling this list is that the mangaka must not have been published officially in English at all... in any way. Therefore any official English release of a manga featuring a mangaka's name disqualified them from contention, even if said manga was by no means what one would call "representative" of their notoriety. For example, I was all ready to include the late Shinji Wada (creator of Sukeban Deka) in this list, only for me to realize that Wada had actually been officially published in English in the past, namely by way of Crown, a mid-00s manga that Wada only wrote (with You Higiri doing the artwork) that Go! Comi managed to release only two volumes of before going out of business in 2010; still, it's an official English manga release for Shinji Wada, so I had to remove him. I also would have absolutely loved to include Kazuhiko Shimamoto (creator of Blazing Transfer Student, Moeyo & Hoero Pen, & Aoi Honou/Blue Blazes), but I own TokyoPop's release of Shimamoto's sequel/reboot to Shotaro Ishinomori's The Skull Man from the early 00s, and while that manga is generally considered to not be one of Shimamoto's stronger works it remains the only time he was ever officially published in English and, therefore, DQs him from the list.

However, there is one absolute icon of manga, right up there with the likes of Osamu Tezuka, Shotaro Ishinomori, & Shigeru Mizuki in how influential he was on manga, who has yet to be officially published in English, so let's start the second half of this list with him!

Born on June 18, 1934, Mitsuteru Yokoyama was inspired to become a mangaka after reading Tezuka's Metropolis back in the 40s, & after graduating high school worked at both the Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation & later a movie company in his hometown of Kobe while making manga on the side. Yokoyama would then hit it big in 1956 with Tetsujin 28, which would become one of the most popular of its era (rivaling the popularity of Tezuka's Tetsuwan Atom/Astro Boy) & the anime adaptation by TCJ (now Eiken) in 1963 would then get released around the world, where it took the name Gigantor. Tetsujin 28 is also generally considered the modern origin of the mecha genre, especially for anime, & the idea of creating (or at least solidifying) entire genres would become a common thread for Yokoyama. Aside from mecha Yokoyama is also associated with helping define magical girls with Sally the Witch, establish some of the earliest framework of battle manga with Babel II, help solidify ninja manga with both Iga no Kagemaru & Kamen no Ninja Akakage, create one of the earliest manga & TV "media mix" franchises with Giant Robo, & pushed forward the idea of manga as a form of literary adaptation with conversions of classics like Water Margin & Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the latter of which would be Yokoyama's longest single work at 60 volumes. Sadly, on April 15, 2004 a fire broke out in Yokoyama's home, with Yokoyama suffering severe burns & falling into a coma, and he'd pass away later that same day from his injuries at the age of 69; Yasuhiro Imagawa's TV anime reboot of Tetsujin 28 had debuted only a little over a week prior.

Twelve Iconic & Influential Mangaka to Have Yet to See Official English Release Part 1

In 1987 North America would see the very first officially translated English releases of manga, which were made up of First Comics' release of Lone Wolf & Cub by Kazuo Koike & Goseki Kojima, as well as Viz & Eclipse Comics' releases of Mai, the Psychic Girl by Kazuya Kudo & Ryoichi Ikegami, Area 88 by Kaoru Shintani, & Kamui Gaiden by Sanpei Shirato (under the name Legend of Kamui, not to be confused with Drawn & Quarterly's current release of Kamui-den under the same title). In the 38 years since those releases the English manga industry has reached highs that I don't think anybody who was a part of those earliest days could have ever imagined. Since then various iconic & influential mangaka have had manga of theirs see official English release, in some form or another. People like Osamu Tezuka, Shotaro Ishinomori, Shigeru Mizuki, Leiji Matsumoto, Moto Hagio, Kazuo Umezz, Keiko Takemiya, Monkey Punch, Akira Toriyama, Masami Kurumada, Go Nagai, Hirohiko Araki, Mitsuru Adachi, Naoki Urasawa, Junji Ito, Takehiko Inoue, Tetsuo Hara, Rumiko Takahashi, Takao Saito, Hayao Miyazaki, Kentaro Miura, Keiji Nakazawa, & Kaiji Kawaguchi (among many others) have all had at least one of their works see release in English over these decades, though some haven't had a release in a long time. Others have only more recently seen English release for the first time, like Tetsuya Chiba, George Morikawa, Hiroshi Motomiya, Akira Miyashita, Tatsuya Egawa, Yasumi Yoshizawa, Riyoko Ikeda, Hisashi Eguchi, Eiichi Fukui, Yoichi Takahashi, Nobuyuki Fukumoto, & Kazuo Inoue, even if for some of these mangaka it's only digitally, either via eBook or some sort of subscription service.

However, there are still plenty of legendary mangaka who have yet to see ANY English release, even after nearly 40 years of officially licensed manga in English. Therefore let's go over twelve that, in my opinion, should be given that chance one day, and I'll bring up some titles from each mangaka that would make the most sense to bring over in English.

We'll start off with a creator whose most iconic work has recently gotten its first official English release, in this case via its anime adaptation being streamed; however, that's anime so it doesn't count for this list. Born on December 11, 1952, Osamu Akimoto actually first got his start in the anime industry, despite his dream being to make manga after his mother gifted him Shotaro Ishinomori's Guide to Becoming a Mangaka in the mid-60s. However, after graduating high school he instead went into animation, first failing Muchi Pro's entrance exam before finding a job at Tatsunoko, where he worked for two years as an animator (most notably on Gatchaman) before quitting due to him needing to care for his ill mother. In 1976 he submitted a comedic one-shot manga about officers who work at a police box in his hometown of Kameari, Katsushika titled Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kouen Mae Hashutsujo/This is the Police Box in Front of Kameari Park in Katsushika Ward... and the rest is history. The one-shot would become a finalist for the Young Jump Award in 1976, before getting serialized in the pages of Weekly Shonen Jump later that same year, where it would run for 40 years across 1,955 chapters (with Akimoto legendarily never missing a single deadline) & total 200 volumes before ending in 2016; it has received various one-shots since then, with a 201st volume coming out in 2021. Shortened to simply Kochikame, the series one of the most iconic manga in all of Japan, and from 1996 to 2004 a TV anime adaptation by Studio Pierrot ran in on TV for 344 episodes, as well as 27 TV specials (the last of which was in 2016, to celebrate the end of the manga's serialization), and recently Remow has started offering the Kochikame anime via its YouTube channel with English subs (US & Canada only), one "new" episode per week.

Mitsuteru Yokoyama's Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Part 2): "I, Cao Cao, and You, Liu Bei, Are the Only Two Worthy Heroes in the World"

Previously in the Mitsuteru Yokoyama's Romance of the Three Kingdoms review:

"So far, the first 22 episodes of Mitsuteru Yokoyama's Romance of the Three Kingdoms are an extremely solid way to experience the early days of the eventual fall of the Han dynasty, as while this is no doubt Liu Bei's story from an overall perspective it still has no problem moving away from him when necessary in order to tell another side of the story that's essential... and I am curious about seeing how this anime continues on from here, post-Lü Bu."

As I mentioned in Part 1, the production of the TV anime adaptation of Yokoyama Sangokushi was a bit of an odd one due to the companies involved. Animation was done by AZ, a no-name studio that you seriously can't find any info on, had previously only worked on most of the Raven Tengu Kabuto TV anime, and seemingly would disappear after this show, never to be seen again. Meanwhile, though Kenji Yoshida's short-lived Yu Entertainment was co-producing this show, which is likely how it managed to get such a talented staff working on it, the primary production company behind it was Dai Nippon Printing, and while DNP has had involvement with anime production beyond Yokoyama Sangokushi, those all seem to be much smaller investments than this was. However, this means that DNP is the primary company that would handle something like licensing... but DNP isn't really equipped to handle things like licensing an anime out, especially internationally. Therefore, another company was brought on to assist with that stuff, so much so that they're even included in the credits of the show itself under "Production Cooperation", as seen in the two ED sequences: Enoki Films.

Yep, if you go to Enoki Films' website you can find Yokoyama Sangokushi there under the title "Quest of Three Kingdoms"; coincidentally enough, Enoki also handles licensing for Shinano Kikaku's Sangokushi film trilogy. Oddly, though, d-rights (now ADK Emotions) also seemingly handled international licensing for Yokoyama Sangokushi in 2016 & 2017, so who knows what the licensing situation is like for this show!

Anyway, aside from the fact that Lü Bu's involvement in the story ended with Episode 22, it was also a good idea for me to stop there for Part 1 of my review of Yokoyama Sangokushi for another reason: Episodes 23 & 24 actually originally aired in Japan as a one-hour special on April 10, 1992. Now, to be fair, this might actually be due more to the fact that the day that originally would have aired Episode 23, April 3, was actually skipped over back during the show's original airing, maybe(?) due to Prince (pre-TAFKAP) performing a concert in the Tokyo Dome that day, which marked the start of his Diamonds and Pearls Tour; it's entirely possible that TV Tokyo aired a live-telecast of that performance, or something. Regardless, these remaining 25 episodes mark a notable shift in the story of Romance, as now that the likes of Dong Zhuo & Lü Bu are gone it results in the rise of the likes of Cao Cao, Liu Bei, & even the Sun Family, eventually led by Sun Jian's second son Sun Quan after the death of his older brother Sun Ce a little over a year after Lü Bu's death. While the Yokoyama Sangokushi anime never truly makes it to the formal foundation of the titular Three Kingdoms (the anime only covers up to 209 AD/CE, while the kingdoms themselves would be officially established between 220 & 222), it really feels as though this second half will act as the "true" set up to that iconic era. Therefore, time to finish up this anime & see if it can follow through on what was established beforehand.

Lü Bu has been defeated & killed following the Battle of Xiapi by the combined forces of Liu Bei & Cao Cao. Seeing the continued value in the existence of the Han dynasty, Cao Cao works as its Prime Minister & lead general in an effort to reunite all of China as it once was, but it's easy to see that there are greater ambitions behind his actions. Meanwhile, the three blood oath brothers of Liu Bei, Guan Yu, & Zhang Fei know too well how dangerous Cao Cao can be & start to look for a way to work against him. However, they need a brilliant strategist to help them in this battle, and eventually find one in the form of the "Sleeping Dragon" Zhuge Liang, who has a grand plan of splitting China between three competing sides. As Cao Cao slowly increases the size of his army to a degree where he looks unstoppable Liu Bei & his allies realize that they need to deal a strong blow to Cao Cao in order to keep his ambitions at bay, and likely need the assistance of the forces of Sun Quan, who rules over the Jiangdong & Wu regions in the South & East, in order to do so.

Obscusion B-List: Wait... Capcom (Japan) Published WHAT!?!

Back in 2022 I did B-List about a variety of video games published by Capcom that, in hindsight, really look a bit bizarre & not befitting the overall history of the publisher. Specifically, that list was focused on Capcom USA, which at various points published things like Star Wars games for the Game Boy, a Wizardry game for the SNES, distributing the original arcade version of Battle Arena Toshinden 2, madcap FMV game Fox Hunt (mainly due to the then-new Capcom USA president being an ex-Digital Pictures guy), a pair of snowboarding games for the PS1, & the insanely impressive Game Boy Color version of Dragon's Lair. Meanwhile, when you look at Capcom's catalog of games over in Japan you do find a hell of a lot of "odd" titles, but a lot of those are simply publishing deals with Western studios. For example, throughout the 00s Capcom was known to publish Western-developed games in Japan for the likes of Rockstar/Take 2 (Grand Theft Auto III to IV, Red Dead Revolver), Sierra (Empire Earth), The 3DO Company (Army Men RTS), Gotham Games (Conflict: Desert Storm I & II), Activision (various extreme sports games, True Crime: Streets of LA), Midway (Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy), & even Sony (God of War I to III, The Mark of Kri, The Getaway). Yes, Sony handed Japanese publishing for its own Western-developed PS2 (& early PS3) games to Capcom.

I would imagine the easy thing to do online would be to go "ZOMG! Capcom published GTA & God of War!?!?!?!?!"... but that'd be lazy, boring, & very clickbait-y. So, instead, I dug a bit deeper & found a selection of games that Capcom Japan published that really are a bit off kilter, even for that division, though some of them actually wound up having some importance, in the long run.

When Capcom got its start it was mainly an arcade game company, and ports of its games to consoles & even computers in both Japan & abroad were initially developed & published by third-parties, like Micronics, Data East, Activision, ASCII, & Elite Systems. Eventually it started doing console ports in-house in Japan, started self-publishing on consoles, & its international divisions would start publishing for computers in regions like Europe & North America. However, Capcom Japan was still notably against publishing for PC, instead relying mostly on ASCII until the late 80s, when the partnership ended & Capcom Japan left PC publishing entirely for a few years. Things would finally change in 1992 when Capcom Japan started self-publishing for hardware like the Sharp X68000 & later FM Towns, while working with SystemSoft to publish on the NEC PC-98, which finally brings us to the first entry for this B-List: The PC-98 version of Eye of the Beholder II: The Legend of Darkmoon.

Anime Grindhouse: The Slam Dunk Movies

Born on January 12, 1967 in Isa, Kagoshima, Takehiko Nariai loved to draw as a child & while growing up found inspiration in wanting to make manga by reading titles like the late Shinji Mizushima's Dokaben, Tetsu Kariya & Ryoichi Ikegami's Otoko-gumi, Makoto Kobayashi's 1・2 no Sanshiro, & Masami Kurumada's Ring ni Kakero. He originally wanted to go to an art school but as they were too expensive he instead went to Kumamoto University & majored in literature. However, a manga one-shot he had submitted to Weekly Shonen Jump (but didn't win any accolades) caught the eye of editor Taizo Nakamura, resulting in Nariai dropping out of university, moving to Tokyo, & entering the manga business, starting off as an assistant to Tsukasa Hojo during City Hunter's serialization, where he likely worked alongside Haruto Umezawa, future creator of Hareluya II BØY, at least for a little bit. After winning the 35th Tezuka Award for his one-shot Kaede Purple in 1988 (alongside Yuko Asami's Jump Run), Nariai would make his serialized debut in mid-1989 with Chameleon Jail, a manga written by Kazuhiko Watanabe about the titular "Risk Hunter" who takes jobs too dangerous for normal law enforcement & can change his appearance using an energy called "kara"; Chameleon Jail would only last 12 chapters, across two volumes, before getting cancelled.

However, included in both volumes of Chameleon Jail were Kaede Purple & a later one-shot by Nariai called Jordan Miteeni/Just Like Jordan, both of which were basketball stories inspired by the likes of Michael Jordan, who had already become a living legend by this point... and alongside a later one-shot called Aka ga Suki/I Love Red that was published in the 1990 Shonen Jump Summer Special they marked the first hints at Nariai's true calling in manga.

You see, back in his school days Nariai was a part of the basketball team, and while they weren't really any good Nariai had fond memories of when he & his friends would just play basketball. Therefore, he decided that his second manga serialization for Jump would be all about basketball (despite some protestations from his editor, due to basketball manga never doing well), and in Issue #42 of 1990 Nariai (now using the pen name Takehiko Inoue) debuted Slam Dunk. This told the story of delinquent Hanamichi Sakuragi, whose desperation for finding a girlfriend makes him join Shohoku High's basketball team to please a girl he falls instantly head over heels over named Haruko Akagi (the sister of the captain of Shohoku's team), despite his utter lack of any experience, only to discover a true love for the game. It initially had a bit of a variable start, but about half-a-year into its serialization, which marked the start of the first real game that was played, Slam Dunk rebounded strong & would go on to be one of Shonen Jump's biggest, most iconic hits of the 90s, being second only to Dragon Ball in popularity & has been recognized with single-handedly popularizing basketball in Japan. When Slam Dunk ended in Issue #27 of 1996 after 276 chapters (across 31 volumes) it became both the third manga in Jump history to be given a "Full Color Final Chapter", following Ring ni Kakero in 1981 & Dragon Ball in 1995, & the second manga in Jump history to have the magazine cover for its final chapter, following Yamazaki Ginjiro in 1981. The manga's end alone would also result in a loss of ~2 million readers, which when combined with Dragon Ball's the year prior losing ~500,000 readers resulted in the end of the "Golden Age of Jump" that Fist of the North Star began back in 1983. Without a doubt, Slam Dunk is one of the most iconic titles in all of manga (& Inoue himself is one of the most beloved artists in all of manga), and even to this day it continues to be a best-seller whenever a new release happens... though that's due, in part, to Inoue infamously being against offering digital versions of his manga, only recently changing his mind when it came to his wheelchair basketball manga, 1999's Real.

So if Slam Dunk is such an iconic series, both in its original manga form & in its equally celebrated TV anime adaptation by Toei that ran from 1993 to 1996 for 101 episodes, then why am I covering it here? Simply put... movies! In 1994 & 1995, as part of the (mostly) biannual Toei Anime Fair, four Slam Dunk anime short films were produced, but today almost no one ever talks about them & they've never seen any official English release; they were all remastered in HD for a Blu-Ray release in Japan in 2015, though. Therefore, since I recently just read through the entire manga for the first time ever, I want to check out these four movies & see if they deserve being as generally forgotten as they've become today. Also, for hell of it, I'll toss in late 2022's The First Slam Dunk as well, to round out the starting roster with five players, as per regulation. It's time to open up the Anime Grindhouse!!

Mitsuteru Yokoyama's Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Part 1): Do Not Pursue Lü Bu!

Born some time in 161 AD/CE in Zhuo County (now Zhuozhou, Baoding, Hebei), China, Liu Bei (courtesy name Xuande) allegedly was a descendant of Liu Sheng, ninth son of Emperor Jing and the first King of Zhongshan during the Han dynasty. However, other historians have traced Liu Bei's heritage to that of the "Marquis of Linyi", which could either be Liu Fu or Liu Rang, who were two of Liu Sheng's brothers. Regardless, this meant that Liu Bei was of royal heritage, but while his grandfather Liu Xiong eventually became prefect of Fan in Dong commandery his father Liu Hong sadly passed away young, resulting in Liu Bei growing up poor due to Han decree regarding inheritance (& Liu Bei's own distant heritage) leaving he & his mother with barely any money; for all intents & purposes, Liu Bei was a commoner. When the Yellow Turban Rebellion started up in 184, & the Han asked the commonfolk for assistance, Liu Bei rallied his own troop to help out, which included Zhang Fei & Guan Yu, two men he (according to apocrypha) made a blood oath with in a peach garden after meeting & befriending them. After the Rebellion was fought back against & China entered an era of splintered turmoil Liu Bei would slowly become known for his benevolence & humanity, especially when compared to the more practical & sometimes cutthroat Cao Cao, eventually managing to establish the kingdom of Shu Han in 221, though Liu Bei himself would pass away on June 10, 223.

When it comes to Romance of the Three Kingdoms Liu Bei (&, in turn, Shu) is often treated as the de facto "hero" of the story, due to him rising up from poverty & suffering many defeats early on, only to continue fighting & eventually become the ruler of one of the titular Three Kingdoms; there's also an element of the "divine right of kings" due to his royal heritage. Therefore, it only makes sense that the very first TV anime adaptation of Romance, though technically detailing all three sides to some extent, would focus primarily on Liu Bei's side of the story.

Come the end of 1970 mangaka Mitsuteru Yokoyama was arguably already a legend of the industry, having previously made iconic & trendsetting manga like Tetsujin 28 (1956-1966), Sally the Witch (1966-1967), Iga no Kagemaru (1961-1966), Kamen no Ninja Akakage (1966-1967), & Giant Robo (1967-1972). Yokoyama would continue that trend in 1971 with the debut of Babel II, while also bringing to an end an eight-volume manga adaptation of Suikoden/Water Margin, one of the Classic Chinese Novels, as Yokoyama was also a fan of making manga based on history. Suikoden was serialized in the magazine Kibou no Tomo (previously Kibou Life), which throughout its history has been known to publish manga based on history & folklore, including Osamu Tezuka's iconic Buddha & part of Yukinobu Hoshino's Professor Munakata Series. Kibou no Tomo's publisher Ushio Shuppan is also affiliated with the infamous Soka Gakkai, but its various manga have no direct connection to that organization; Soka Gakkai has another publisher specifically for stuff relating to its own executives. Anyway, after finishing up his adaptation of Suikoden, Yokoyama would begin a new historical manga for Kibou no Tomo, though this next one would be much more grand in scale: A manga adaptation of Sangokushi/Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

It is worth noting that, by this point, most of the Japanese populace had become familiar with Sangokushi by way of a re-telling done by novelist Eiji Yoshikawa that was originally serialized in newspapers from 1939 to 1943, i.e. during World War II. Comprised of only 10 volumes in total, Yoshikawa's Sangokushi was a bit of an altered adaptation in some ways, namely when it came to further romanticizing the "main" characters, and notably stopped at Zhuge Liang's death during the Battle of Wuzhang Plains in 234, 46 years before the actual end of the era in 280, when Jin conquered Wu & unified China. I bring this up because, though technically based on Yoshikawa's version of the story, Yokoyama's manga didn't stop at Wuzhang Plains, but instead actually went all the way to the very end of Luo Guangzhong's 14th century novel. Because of this, Yokoyama's Sangokushi would run from 1974 to 1987, during which Kibou no Tomo would get renamed to both Shonen World (in 1978) & later Comic Tom (in 1980), and eventually totaled 60 volumes, making it Yokoyama's longest single work in his entire catalog, with some considering it his magnum opus; as of May 2020 it has sold over 80 million copies, roughly tying titles like Tokyo Revengers & Fullmetal Alchemist. Much like how Yoshikawa's version helped popularize the story of the Three Kingdoms in Japan for many generations, Yokoyama's manga is seemingly considered just as influential when it comes to how the country interprets that era of Chinese history.

In the mid-80s NTV & Shin-Ei Animation would produce a pair of Sangokushi anime TV specials that ostensibly claimed to be based on Yokoyama's manga, so much so that Hikari Production co-owns the copyright to them with Shin-Ei, but in reality aren't; I covered those (in comparison to Shinano Kikaku's theatrical film trilogy) back in February. However, an actual anime adaptation would debut on TV Tokyo on October 18, 1991, though the companies behind it were nothing that one would normally expect for anime. Namely, the animation studio behind it was AZ (pronounced A-Z[et]), which had previously only worked on the majority of the Raven Tengu Kabuto TV anime for NTV in 1990, and following this anime would never be seen again. Also, the main producer for this TV anime was... Dai Nippon Printing, a general printing company that had literally never done anything like this, both before & after, at least when it comes to being the company that fronts the main share of the money for an anime & thereby co-owns the copyright, with Hikari Production. Now, to be fair, DNP co-produced this anime with Yu Entertainment, a short-lived company founded by Kenji Yoshida, one of the "Yoshida Brothers" who co-founded Tatsunoko & had previously been that studio's second president, following Tatsuo Yoshida's passing. Still, DNP's direct involvement shows just how big of a deal this anime, simply titled Yokoyama Mitsuteru Sangokushi/Mitsuteru Yokoyama's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was at the time by being the first TV anime adaptation of Romance, and it would run for 47 episodes before ending on September 25, 1992, stopping with the conclusion of the Battle of Chibi, which was roughly the halfway point of the manga. Since it's so long I'll be splitting this review up into two parts, so let's see how the first 22 episodes of Yokoyama Sangokushi (as I'll be calling it from here on out, for simplicity's sake) fare.

The Land of Obscusion's Hot-Blooded Ranking of Masami Kurumada's Manga! #7 to #1 (Kurumada's Long-Runners)

When it comes to legendary mangaka, most tend to have just one iconic work that everyone instantly thinks of, even if that individual actually has multiple long-running manga in their catalog. Masami Kurumada is a perfect example of that, as pretty much all anyone ever thinks of is Saint Seiya, his 28-volume Shonen Jump series that ran from 1986 to 1990. However, the truth of the matter is that by the time Seiya's first chapter debuted in early 1986 (technically late 1985, but let's not get pedantic here) he had already been a notable & influential success in Japan for about a decade, and even after Seiya came to an end would go on to continue to be a notable success during the 90s. This, in turn, would essentially allow him to be given carte blanche from then on out, starting in 2000, where he could pretty much make whatever manga he wanted, & at whatever pace he wanted to make it at, without fear of it being cancelled due to a lack of popularity. In fact, in the 2010s he even revived a manga that had previously been cancelled literal decades prior in the 80s, due to a lack of popularity, & finally saw it to completion, which is something that is rarely seen in manga, even by some of its most iconic & popular creators.

Therefore, I do feel that it is a bit of a disservice to only think of Masami Kurumada as "The Saint Seiya Guy", as it would also be to consider Akira Toriyama "The Dragon Ball Guy", Rumiko Takahashi "The InuYasha Girl", Tetsuo Hara "The Fist of the North Star Guy", Go Nagai "The Devilman Guy", Gosho Aoyama "The Detective Conan Guy", or Shotaro Ishinomori "The Cyborg 009 Guy". Sure, there are shared themes, concepts, & (especially) character designs across Kurumada's various works, but there are plenty of differences between his titles, and especially in the long-runners. However, to really notice those elements that do make each title unique is to really read each of them & look for those differences... and since only two of Kurumada's long-runners have ever received official English releases (& also, to this day, remain the only ones with complete English translations, official or otherwise) it's something that most people don't really have the ability to take note of. That's been the major reason why I wanted to review all of Kurumada's works here on the blog, as aside from giving my own personal opinion on each of them (& satiate my own curiosity, as well) I also just wanted there to be some sort of detailed English write-up on each of them, so that there might be something out there to explain the differences between each work & showcase the career of Kurumada himself; that's also why I held off on reviewing Saint Seiya for so long.

In total, there are seven long-running manga from Masami Kurumada, with the "shortest" of them all being 10 volumes long. Having now given proper reviews to all of them at some point between 2013 & 2025, there's only one question remaining: How would I personally rank them? Let's find out!

The Land of Obscusion's Hot-Blooded Ranking of Masami Kurumada's Manga! #14 to #8 (Kurumada's Short-Run Works)

I normally don't really bother to do rankings here on The Land of Obscusion, and that's mainly because there's always that feeling of definitiveness to them, that the order one gives to rankings should feel more or less final. However, I will make an exception this time around for a simple reason: I have now covered all of Masami Kurumada's "major" works in his catalog of manga. Ever since debuting in 1974 Kurumada has made a wide variety of manga, and here on this blog I most recently reviewed Saint Seiya: Next Dimension, which was the last remaining long-running manga left for me to write about. Of course, this doesn't mean that I have covered literally every single manga Kurumada himself has ever made, but at this point all that remains are seven, made up of a trio of one-shots (Mikeneko Rock, Sei'ya ni Kane wa Naru, & a teaser for the Saint Seiya Tenkai-hen movie), a trio of short-run Saint Seiya midquels (Episode Zero, Origin, & Destiny), & the Fuma no Kojirou midquel (Asuka Mumyou-cho) that he's still currently in the middle of making (but I doubt will go for more than a volume), plus whatever future manga he'll eventually make.

Therefore... how would I rank all of the "major" Kurumada manga?

It's like some bizarre, (mostly) bishonen,
likely violent Brady Bunch!

So, to begin with, a few of ground rules to establish. First, one-shots are not included in this ranking, which therefore DQs Mabudachi Jingi, Shiro Obi Taisho, & the Jitsuroku! Shinwakai quartet from contention; everything being ranked is a multi-chapter run. Second, only manga drawn by Masami Kurumada himself count, so no spin-offs (especially since I've only fully read two of them). Finally, the reason why I feel fine doing a ranking now, despite still missing seven Kurumada manga, is because the remainder are either one-shots (so they'd be DQ-ed regardless) or they are supplemental works (namely to Saint Seiya & Fuma no Kojirou) that arguably wouldn't be able to stand on their own. Sure, this ranking includes two sequel manga, but both of those are long-runners, so they have more than enough content to them that they can both stand on their own as individual works. With that in mind this results in 14 different Kurumada manga eligible for ranking (in chronological order): Sukeban Arashi, Ring ni Kakero, Fuma no Kojirou, Raimei no Zaji, Otoko Zaka, Saint Seiya, Aoi Tori no Shinwa - Blue Myth Overture, Silent Knight Sho, Akane-Iro no Kaze -Shinsengumi Keppu-ki-, B't X, Evil Crusher Maya, Ring ni Kakero 2, Saint Seiya: Next Dimension, & Ai no Jidai -Ichigo Ichie-. While this allows me to split this ranking up evenly across two parts (#14 to #8 & #7 to #1), it also coincidentally enough results in the lower half being all of Kurumada's short-run works, while the upper half is all of Kurumada's long-running works, so it also effectively acts as separate rankings of both his short-run & long-running manga.

So, without further ado, here is how I personally would rank Kurumada's "major" manga, starting with his short-run work: