Last month I celebrated the 20th Anniversary of
The House of the Dead, but we all know what horror game franchise is getting the pomp & circumstance that a double-decade anniversary deserves this year. March 22, 1996 saw the original Japanese release of Capcom's
Biohazard on the Sony PlayStation, and a week later the game saw North American release under the name
Resident Evil, due to the word "Biohazard" not being copyrightable over here. The game not only marked the directorial debut of Shinji Mikami (
Dino Crisis,
God Hand,
Vanquish), but also coined the phrase "survival horror" that has gone on the define an entire genre. The phrase is so defining that even Frédérick Raynal's
Alone in the Dark, which first came out in 1992 & helped inspire Mikami's team, has been retroactively deemed to be survival horror. This also applies to an extent to 1989's
Sweet Home, a Famicom RPG by Capcom based on the horror movie of the same name; in fact,
Resident Evil was originally conceived as a remake of this game.
In the end, while
Alone in the Dark &
Sweet Home did introduce a lot of concepts that Mikami & producer Tokuro Fujiwara also used in their game,
Resident Evil still did a number of things first for the genre it coined... Or did it? Yes, the franchise did do some things first, but many things that
RE is generally credited for are not actually concepts & ideas that were done first via that franchise. This is not me trying to lessen the impact or importance of one of Capcom's biggest franchises, but rather I want to take the opportunity to give credit to six "survival horror" video games that did introduce concepts to the genre before
Resident Evil eventually utilized them; in fact, one of them has yet to even be used by the series. I guess think of it as me celebrating the 20th Anniversary of "survival horror" more than anything. Regardless, let's get going before a zombie comes up from behind & bites me in the jugular.
Starting off this list is easily the most obscure one of them all, but is probably the most important of them. When Raynal made
Alone in the Dark, PCs at the time could render some 3D polygons, but in the end his team decided on using polygonal characters on top of bitmap-rendered 2D backdrops, with cinematic camera angles to create tension. Similarly, when Mikami & Fujiwara made
Resident Evil, they decided that having it be completely 3D was too much for the original PlayStation to handle, so they went with polygonal characters on top of pre-rendered environments alongside cinematic camera angles. Capcom wouldn't create a full-3D survival horror game until 1999's
Dino Crisis, & the first full-3D
RE games wouldn't be until 2000 with
Survivor &
Code:Veronica, but the fact of the matter is that survival horror went full-3D six years prior to when Capcom did it. In fact, it did so before
Resident Evil was even fully developed.